Archive for March, 2009

Most developing technologies in your field (EEE):-

March 31, 2009 at 8:53 pm · Filed under Uncategorized ·Tagged , , ,

There are so many technologies that are being advanced in electrical engineering. One of the most rapid growing technologies is hybrid technology which is used for locomotives. As we all are very well known about core reason for the wars that took place across the world, it is mandatory to invent some new technology at least for the sake of ending the senseless wars.

The hybrid engines that are used for vehicles can work with electrical energy and petrol / diesel. The source gets switched according to the need. This latest technology conserves lot of fuels avoids lot of air pollution. I feel the hybrid engine technology is the most developing technology in the field of electrical engineering.

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Patents & electrical:-

March 31, 2009 at 8:43 pm · Filed under Uncategorized ·Tagged , , ,

A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to an inventor or his assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for a disclosure of an invention. – Wikipedia

When we have a look at the electrical field, it doesn’t get as many new patents as the other forms of engineering like electronics, mechanical and so on. But when a new innovation occurs in the electrical field, it will give some advancement which takes the existing system to a higher stage, which is unimaginable. This applies from the day one of electrical invention, that is, patent for direct current and alternating current to the patent of electronic transformers which has been getting registered during this very years. There are innumerable ideas waiting to get patent because of the constraints that bring a gap between theoretical engineering and practical engineering.

On getting patent for our inventions, we will be given the rights (in other words, others will be restricted) to work and implement in the invention we did. If any wants to do any work with our patent, he / she have to get prior permission from us.

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Intellectual Property:-

March 31, 2009 at 8:17 pm · Filed under Uncategorized

“Intellectual property (IP) is legal property rights over creations of the mind, both artistic and commercial, and the corresponding fields of law. Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; ideas, discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. Common types of intellectual property include copyrights, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights and trade secrets” – Wikipedia

The intellectual property enables security and authority to an innovation or an invention made by a person or team of person. One of the worst things that have been spreading over the world is plagiarism (copying ideas, in simple terms). Intellectual property brings a barrier for the plagiarism. No matter what our idea is or what output our idea brings out. Intellectual property safe guards our idea and brings us a wider path to proceed with our innovation. We can channelize our implementation of our work once we get patent for our product or service. On the whole, the intellectual property gives us mental stability that there is nothing imitating our idea and we can move further without any distractions.

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FREQUENT ITEMSET MINING USING PROCESSED FP TREES

March 30, 2009 at 4:12 pm · Filed under Uncategorized ·Tagged

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

SAI SUNDARAM P

YASIR AHMED H.M

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

IN

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

B.S.A CRESCENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025

APRIL 2008

ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “Frequent Itemset Mining Using Processed FP Trees” is the bonafide work of Sai Sundaram P (40404104098) and Yasir Ahmed H.M (40404104121) who carried out the project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Prof. MANU NATARAJAN Mr. S. Syed Abdul Syed
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

Lecturer

Computer Science And Engineering Computer Science And Engineering
B.S.A Crescent Engineering College B.S.A Crescent Engineering College
Vandalur Vandalur

Chennai – 600 048 Chennai – 600 048

VIVA VOICE EXAMINATION

The Viva Voice examination of this project work, submitted by Sai Sundaram P,
Register No: 40404104098 and Yasir Ahmed H.M, Register No: 40404104121 was held on ____________.

EXTERNAL EXAMINER INTERNAL EXAMINER

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We sincerely express our heartfelt gratitude to Mr. Abdul Kader Bukhari, Correspondent, B.S.A. Crescent Engineering College.

We sincerely thank Dr. V. M. Periasamy, Principal, B.S.A. Crescent Engineering College, for providing us an environment to carry out our course successfully.

We would like to thank Prof. Manu Natarajan, Head of the Department, CSE, for his eminent support and encouragement throughout our project.

Special thanks to our guide Mr. S. Syed Abdul Syed, Lecturer, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, for his professional guidance and continued assistance in the process.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to our project coordinators, staff members, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, for their unstinted support and guidance throughout the project.

We thank all the staff members of our department who helped us at various levels for the successful completion of our project.

We are extremely indebted to our family members and friends for all that they meant to us during the crucial times of our project completion.

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TWO WAY SECURE SOURCE ROUTING AND END-END AUTHENTICATION FOR MANET

March 29, 2009 at 1:08 am · Filed under Uncategorized ·Tagged , , ,


PROJECT REPORT

By

K.R.Denesh Kumar

S.SivaSubramanian

Under the guidance of

Mr. S.Ahamed Nishath

Reference:

Published in IEEE Network November 2006 (Vol. 5, No. 11) pp. 1533-1546

Published in Australian Computer Society August 2007

SYSTEMDESIGN:

The work is split up into three modules.

  1. Authentication.
  2. Routing.
  3. Security.

1. AUTHENTICATION:

Authentication for any node to enter the Ad Hoc network – so that no unauthorized person may enter into the network.

2. ROUTING:

Signing of the route request by intermediate nodes in DSR algorithm is enhanced with signing of the route reply also – so that the correct route reaches the source who requests the route

The protocol endairA was proposed to provide a provably secure routing protocol. endairA is an adaptation of Ariadne, in which the intermediate nodes digitally sign the route reply instead of the route request. In effect, it is Ariadne in reverse, as its name implies.

ROUTE REQUEST:

ROUTE REPLY:

3. SECURITY:

After getting the correct route, when the packets are being sent there may be some eave droppers who try to attack and get the packets. So by using a efficient key exchange and encryption algorithm – so that the eave droppers can no to get the packets

Specifications

Hardware Specification

Hard disk : 10 GB and above

RAM : 128 MB and above

Software Specification:

Operating System : Windows 2000/XP

Documentation Tool : Ms-Word

Programming Tool Used : Java

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format of anna university project report

March 29, 2009 at 1:05 am · Filed under Uncategorized ·Tagged , , ,

ANNA UNIVERSITY :: CHENNAI 600 025

FORMAT FOR PREPARATION OF PROJECT REPORT

FOR

B.E. / B. TECH. / B. ARCH.

1. ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENTS:

The sequence in which the project report material should be arranged and bound should be as follows:

1. Cover Page & Title Page

2. Bonafide Certificate

3. Abstract

4. Table of Contents

5. List of Tables

6. List of Figures

7. List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature

8. Chapters

9. Appendices

10. References

The table and figures shall be introduced in the appropriate places.

2. PAGE DIMENSION AND BINDING SPECIFICATIONS:

The dimension of the project report should be in A4 size. The project report should be bound using flexible cover of the thick white art paper. The cover should be printed in black letters and the text for printing should be identical.

3. PREPARATION FORMAT:

3.1 Cover Page & Title Page – A specimen copy of the Cover page & Title page of the project report are given in Appendix 1.

3.2 Bonafide Certificate – The Bonafide Certificate shall be in double line spacing using Font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 14, as per the format in Appendix 2.

The certificate shall carry the supervisor’s signature and shall be followed by the supervisor’s name, academic designation (not any other responsibilities of administrative nature), department and full address of the institution where the supervisor has guided the student. The term ‘SUPERVISOR’ must be typed in capital letters between the supervisor’s name and academic designation.

3.3 Abstract – Abstract should be one page synopsis of the project report typed double line spacing, Font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 14.

3.4 Table of Contents – The table of contents should list all material following it as well as any material which precedes it. The title page and Bonafide Certificate will not find a place among the items listed in the Table of Contents but the page numbers of which are in lower case Roman letters. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head. A specimen copy of the Table of Contents of the project report is given in Appendix 3.

3.5 List of Tables – The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear above the tables in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head.

3.6 List of Figures – The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear below the figures in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head.

3.7 List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature – One and a half spacing should be adopted or typing the matter under this head. Standard symbols, abbreviations etc. should be used.

3.8 Chapters – The chapters may be broadly divided into 3 parts (i) Introductory chapter, (ii) Chapters developing the main theme of the project work (iii) and Conclusion.

The main text will be divided into several chapters and each chapter may be further divided into several divisions and sub-divisions.

v Each chapter should be given an appropriate title.

v Tables and figures in a chapter should be placed in the immediate vicinity of the reference where they are cited.

v Footnotes should be used sparingly. They should be typed single space and placed directly underneath in the very same page, which refers to the material they annotate.

3.9 Appendices – Appendices are provided to give supplementary information, which is included in the main text may serve as a distraction and cloud the central theme.

· Appendices should be numbered using Arabic numerals, e.g. Appendix 1, Appendix 2, etc.

· Appendices, Tables and References appearing in appendices should be numbered and referred to at appropriate places just as in the case of chapters.

· Appendices shall carry the title of the work reported and the same title shall be made in the contents page also.

3.10 List of References –The listing of references should be typed 4 spaces below the heading “REFERENCES” in alphabetical order in single spacing left – justified. The reference material should be listed in the alphabetical order of the first author. The name of the author/authors should be immediately followed by the year and other details.

A typical illustrative list given below relates to the citation example quoted above.

REFERENCES

1. Ariponnammal, S. and Natarajan, S. (1994) ‘Transport Phonomena of Sm Sel – X Asx’, Pramana – Journal of Physics Vol.42, No.1, pp.421-425.

2. Barnard, R.W. and Kellogg, C. (1980) ‘Applications of Convolution Operators to Problems in Univalent Function Theory’, Michigan Mach, J., Vol.27, pp.81–94.

3. Shin, K.G. and Mckay, N.D. (1984) ‘Open Loop Minimum Time Control of Mechanical Manipulations and its Applications’, Proc.Amer.Contr.Conf., San Diego, CA, pp. 1231-1236.

3.10.1 Table and figures – By the word Table, is meant tabulated numerical data in the body of the project report as well as in the appendices. All other non-verbal materials used in the body of the project work and appendices such as charts, graphs, maps, photographs and diagrams may be designated as figures.

4. TYPING INSTRUCTIONS:

The impression on the typed copies should be black in colour.

One and a half spacing should be used for typing the general text. The general text shall be typed in the Font style ‘Times New Roman’ and Font size 14.

* * * * *

APPENDIX 1

(A typical Specimen of Cover Page & Title Page)

<Font Style Times New Roman – Bold>

TITLE OF PROJECT REPORT

<Font Size 18><1.5 line spacing>

A PROJECT REPORT

<Font Size 14>

Submitted by

<Font Size 14><Italic>

NAME OF THE CANDIDATE(S)

<Font Size 16>

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

<Font Size 14><1.5 line spacing><Italic>

NAME OF THE DEGREE

<Font Size 16>

IN

BRANCH OF STUDY

<Font Size 14>

NAME OF THE COLLEGE

<Font Size 14>

ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025

<Font Size 16><1.5 line spacing>

MONTH & YEAR

<Font Size 14>

SPECIMEN

SOME PERFORMANCE ASPECTS CONSIDERATIONS OF A CLASS OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

SANDHYA. A

GAYATHRI.R

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING

XXX ENGINEERING COLLEGE, KANCHEEPURAM

ANNA UNIVERSITY:: CHENNAI 600 025

MAY 2005

APPENDIX 2

(A typical specimen of Bonafide Certificate)

<Font Style Times New Roman>

ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025

<Font Style Times New Roman – size -18>

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

<Font Style Times New Roman – size -16>

<Font Style Times New Roman – size -14>

Certified that this project report “……….TITLE OF THE PROJECT……………..”

is the bonafide work of “…………..NAME OF THE CANDIDATE(S).…………” who carried out the project work under my supervision.

<<Signature of the Head of the Department>> <<Signature of the Supervisor>>

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

<<Name>> <<Name>>

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

<<Academic Designation>>

<<Department>> <<Department>>

<<Full address of the Dept & College >> <<Full address of the Dept & College >>

APPENDIX 3

(A typical specimen of table of contents)

<Font Style Times New Roman>

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT iii

LIST OF TABLE xvi

LIST OF FIGURES xviii

LIST OF SYMBOLS xxvii

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 GENERAL 1

1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.2.1 General 5

1.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.2.2.1 General 19

1.2.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . 25

1.2.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . 29

1.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

1.3 . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 45

1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 69

2.1 GENERAL 75

2.2 . . . . . . . . . . 99

2.2 ……………. 100

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Dijkstra’s Algorithm

March 29, 2009 at 12:58 am · Filed under Uncategorized ·Tagged , , , , ,

For a given source vertex (node) in the graph, the algorithm finds the path with lowest cost (i.e. the shortest path) between that vertex and every other vertex. It can also be used for finding costs of shortest paths from a single vertex to a single destination vertex by stopping the algorithm once the shortest path to the destination vertex has been determined. For example, if the vertices of the graph represent cities and edge path costs represent driving distances between pairs of cities connected by a direct road, Dijkstra’s algorithm can be used to find the shortest route between one city and all other cities.

Algorithm

It should be noted that distance between nodes can also be referred to as weight.

1. Create a distance list, a previous vertex list, a visited list, and a current vertex.

2. All the values in the distance list are set to infinity except the starting vertex which is set to zero.

3. All values in visited list are set to false.

4. All values in the previous list are set to a special value signifying that they are undefined, such as null.

5. Current vertex is set as the starting vertex.

6. Mark the current vertex as visited.

7. Update distance and previous lists based on those vertices which can be immediately reached from the current vertex.

8. Update the current vertex to the unvisited vertex that can be reached by the shortest path from the starting vertex.

9. Repeat (from step 6) until all nodes are visited.

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unicast, multicast and broadcast

March 29, 2009 at 12:55 am · Filed under Uncategorized ·Tagged , , , , , , ,

We went through as many proposed ideas as we could, to get a thorough knowledge base of the current situation in Multicasting scenario, so that we could try to design a better solution for this problem. We have specified some of the resources we went through during our literature survey in the initial stages of our project.

1.2.1 Multicast

Multicast is the delivery of information to a group of destinations simultaneously using the most efficient strategy to deliver the messages over each link of the network only once, creating copies only when the links to the destinations split.

IP Multicast is a technique for one to many communication over an IP infrastructure. It scales to a larger receiver population by not requiring prior knowledge of who or how many receivers there are. Multicast utilizes network infrastructure efficiently by requiring the source to send a packet only once, even if it needs to be delivered to a large number of receivers. The nodes in the network take care of replicating the packet to reach multiple receivers only where necessary.

Once the receivers join a particular IP Multicast group, a multicast distribution tree is constructed for that group. The protocol most widely used for this is Protocol Independent Multicast or PIM. It sets up multicast distribution trees such that data packets from senders to a multicast group reach all receivers which have “joined” the group.

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Depth latency trade off…

March 29, 2009 at 12:52 am · Filed under Uncategorized

A compact summary of the report is as follows. A walk through over the complete report clearly pictures the working of the DBSPT algorithm and its advantage in Multicasting. This section serves to introduce the project, state its objectives and present a brief background that explains the impetus behind the work. Chapter 2 Literature Survey introduces the research and emerging concepts behind Multicasting and the existing algorithms to achieve Minimum Depth and Latency. Chapter 3 describes the overall system design and gives the definition and detailed description about the modules present in the project. Chapter 4 on System Configuration section gives a detailed description about the hardware and software requirements. It also gives the brief description about java. Chapter 5 Result describes the working of the project with various screenshots. It helps in showcasing the functions of the project in an efficient manner. Chapter 6 Conclusion section provides the success of the new algorithm in meeting the requirements and solving the problem defined in the existing algorithm.

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Design Document

March 27, 2009 at 12:28 am · Filed under Uncategorized ·Tagged , , , , , ,

· The entire system is projected with a physical diagram which specifics the actual storage parameters that are physically necessary for any database to be stored on to the disk. The overall systems existential idea is derived from this diagram.

· The relation upon the system is structure through a conceptual ER-Diagram, which not only specifics the existential entities but also the standard relations through which the system exists and the cardinalities that are necessary for the system state to continue.

· The content level DFD is provided to have an idea of the functional inputs and outputs that are achieved through the system. The system depicts the input and out put standards at the high level of the systems existence.

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